Activity 1: A Beach by
Any Other Name
1.
Contrast the differences between a primary
and a secondary coastline. The primary coatlines are non-marine processes and the secondary are formed by the marine action.
2.
Provide three examples of the processes
involved in both primary and secondary coastline classifications.
- erosional/depositional: depending on whether their primary features were created by erosion of land or deposition of eroded material
- erosional coasts are those that developed where active erosion by wave action occurs or where rivers or glaciers caused erosion when sea level was lower than it presently is; these include cliffs or rocky shores
- depositional coasts develop where sediments accumulate either from a local source or after being transported to the area in rivers and glaciers or by ocean currents and waves; these include deltas, mangrove swamps, salt marshes, barrier islands, and beach-sand dunes
3.
Contrast the east and west coasts of the
United States based on the primary forces that are responsible for shaping
their coastlines. It's the weather that determines the coastal lines and forming shaped based on if the waves are higher and crash barriers and or if they have earth quakes or what types of storms they have.
Activity 2: It's All in
the Mix, A Study of Estuary Classification Based on Water Circulation.
1.
Based on your data, the profiles you
graphed, and the information provided in your text, provide an explanation for
the three distinct estuary circulations. Long-wave theory and simple turbulence closures have been used to show that three distinct types of circulation (highly stratified, weakly stratified, and partially mixed) arise in narrow, shallow estuaries from the finite amplitude of the tide and the interaction of stratification with vertical mixing. Each type has a different dominant process causing the vertical exchange of salt and fresh water on the flood, and each gives rise to a characteristic residual circulation. The tidal circulation in highly stratified shallow estuaries, described herein, is the result of a finite amplitude internal motion driven by the barotropic tide; shear instabilities at the interface are the major vertical exchange mechanism. The residual circulation is caused primarily by ebb-flood asymmetry in interface position and thickness. A model based on our theoretical analysis shows that the interface thickness on flood is much less than the depth of flow up to a critical tidal amplitude at which the two-layer flow is destroyed, and correctly predicts the tidal amplitude of the neap-spring transition in the Columbia River Estuary. Tidal frequency internal wave motion is not found in weakly stratified and partially mixed estuaries. Because of the reduced tidal shear, shear instabilities are weak or absent, and the residual circulation assumes a very different character.
2. What are factors that could influence the circulation of water
within an estuary?
3. If you are fishing in an estuary that is well stratified is it
possible to catch both freshwater and marine fish in the same general spot?
Explain.
uarium freshwater Ich, AKA White Spot Disease & saltwater ick ... This includes general information about both Ichthyophthirius (freshwater) ... Fishbehavior: The fish will often hide in corners near the top of the aquarium to getoxygen, By the same token,and the heat method is not a good choice for a tank with poor oxygen.
4. Provide two examples of adaptations that estuary life had to make
during their evolution that are different from open water marine species
adaptations.
Activity 3: Judging a
Book by its Cover
1.
Describe the economic services that are
provided by estuaries.
2. Describe the ecological services that are provided by estuaries.
3. No matter which estuaries are being discussed, they seem to be
plagued by variations of the same three different categories of human impacts.
What are these impacts?
Technology, Agriculture,
Irrigation.
4. Provide two examples of pollution problems that seem to be common
in estuaries.
5. Provide two examples of development problems that seem to be
common in estuaries. In general, these problems cause declines in water quality, living resources, and overall estuarine ecosystem health.More specifically, they all have significant economic, ecosystem, and socio-economic impacts; for example, local governments close shellfish beds when water-borne pathogens in shellfish tissue threaten human health; over-enrichment of nutrients in the water column causes dissolved oxygen levels to decline; the waters become "dead zones" where fish cannot survive. The introduction of aquatic nuisance species can adversely impact native species populations and their habitats.
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